Electric vehicles: Vehicles that run with their own batteries or any external electricity, but not biofuel fuels. It is powered by an electric motor rather than an internal combustion engine that generates electricity by igniting a mixture of fuel and gases.
There are three main types of Electric Vehicle are:
- Battery Electric Vehicle (BEVs)
- Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Battery Electric Vehicle
BEVs- This is a fully electric vehicle that runs only on battery charging. this one operates on an electric Battery.
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
PHEVs- this is a special type of hybrid car In which a petrol or diesel engine is connected to an electric motor and a large battery.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
HEVs: Due to the help of electricity and petrol/diesel, the batteries in them can be charged with the help of an external source. The battery in it keeps recharging through the braking system of the car. Which is also called the “Regenerative technique”.
Government initiative for Electric Vehicles in India?
- To promote charging points, they were included in the category of service. No license is required to set up a charging station in India.
- In Budget 2019-20, an additional income tax exemption of up to Rs 15 lakh was announced for the purchase of an electric vehicle.
- The government has reduced the GST rate on Electric vehicles in India.
Challenges Towards Adopting the Environment of Electric Vehicles-
- Lack of infrastructure; The facilities for charging an electric vehicle are very useful.
- Once charged, the maximum distance allowed is reduced or limited.
- Adequate number of charging stations
- The vehicle takes longer to charge
- If you use fast charging, it will be charged quickly but a fast-charging station takes a long time to install.
- Electric vehicles have a higher demand than conventional vehicles. but Electric production is less compared to conventional vehicles.
- Dependence on countries such as China for small auto parts used in making electric vehicles.
- Matching the cost of subsidized imported batteries through local manufacturing units will not be easy.
Things to Improve Before Adopting EV Environment in India
- Emphasis on developing more affordable and next-generation battery technologies
- Focus on increasing the charging infrastructure: Fast charging station is also needed. So that, within a few minutes the discharged battery can be fully charged.
- Research and development work on fast charge batteries is important in time.
- There is a greater need for an uninterrupted supply of metals required for electric vehicle manufacturing.
- Vehicle mechanics should be trained for the repair, modification, and maintenance of the electric vehicle.
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